cocklin



May 1, 1928. Re. 16,954

v A. COCKLIN LIQUID FUEL- BURNER Original Filed April 27. 1925 7 .z J 20 2O I l9 [6 l6 9 aliiozuu Reissued May 1, 1928.

UNITED STATES LEWIS A. GOCKLIN,10F GRISWOLD, IOWA.

. LIQUID-FUEL BUB-NEE.

Original No. 1,572,883, dated February 16, 1926, Serial No. 26,035, filed April 27, 1925. Application for.

reissue filed July 20, 1927. Serial No. 207,282.

This invention relates to oil burners and more particulzn'ly to that class of burners of liquid fuel for use in furnaces and stoves, and has for its objects, broadly, to provide a burner consisting of few and simple parts so that it may be manufactured economically, will be convenient in use, will be durable and will be effective in providing a required degree of heat for'all purposes with a minimum quantity of liquid fuel. 7

One of the specific objects in view is to provide a burner of the class described which will effectively vaporize the fuel and burn the hydrocarbon without forming objectionable carbon deposits on the burner or parts connected therewith. Another object is to provide such a construction that a pilot light will be maintained in the burnerl As a safety feature the invention includes means for the. removal from theburner of any excess oil which might be conducted thereto.

With the foregoing objects in view and others to be mentioned hereinafter, the in-' vention presents a novel and useful construction, combination and arrangement of parts as described herein and claimed, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it being, understood that changes in form, size, proportion of parts and minor details may be made as found to be of advantage, saidchanges being determined by the scope of the invention as claimed. In the drawing i j Fig. 1 is a view of the burner in longitudinal section, the section through the flamespread'er capbeing on line 11 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a topplan view of the flame spreader cap, and j Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the cap. Referring now to the drawing for a more particular descriptionin which like reference characters indicate like parts in the sev eral views, I provide an annular container 5, open at its top to operate as a vaporizing chamber or trough, its upright, outer, cylindrical wall being indicated at Gland its bottom being indicated at 7, the inner annular wall 8 of said container or trough being formed upwardly convergent to provide an 21.11 passageway or flue 23.

At 9 is indicated a pipe for conducting oil or other liquid fuel from any suitable source of supply to the annular chamber 5, said pipe preferably threaded into an opening in the ottom 7 and being provided with a control valve 10. At 11 is indicated a casting operating-as an oil distributor, preferably having a wall 12 of concavo-conv'exform and providingv a conduit 13 in communication with the chamber and pipe 9. i

The vaporizing chamber or the part thereof above the oil distributor is filled with any suitable material 14 which will not become injured by action of heat and will permit an upward movement of oil therethrough to the top of said chamber. 1 i H Numeral 15indicates a spreader-cap having a diameter greater than that of the upper part of the convergent flue, said cap. being provided with wings 16 "having extensions 17 which project outwardly beyond the circular edge of the cap. lVhile I" have shown fourof these wings, any suitable number may be used, each being provided with a shoulder 18 resting on the top of the flue.

The lowermost part of each wing 16 gradually decreases in thickness to the lower edge, and preferably the body of each wing is formed upwardly and outwardly divergent, said lowermost part having practically a knife-edge, indicated at 19, the thickness of each wing and its extension being graduallyincreased upwardly and outwardly to the terminal of the extension 17, and preferably each extension has a flat bottom for engaging the top of the flue and to lie upon the topof the filler 14, each extension 17 having a terminal 20 which is inclined upwardly and outwardly to overhang a part of thefiller.

In operation, oilor other liquid fuel, under pressure, may 'enter the conduit 13 subject to the control of thevalve 10, and.

since the lowermost part of the concaveconvex-casting 12 is somewhat'rough and does not perfectlyengage the bottom 7, the oil willenter the circular chamber 5 and will. fill all parts thereof'except the parts occupied by the ,filler, and will move upwardly to the top of said chamber, and when ignited the gas will burn freely.

The burning ofhydrocarbon occurs at the top of the chamber 5"upon and above the surface of the filler 14:. It will be noted that v constricted passageways 21 are provided. be-I tweennthe outer parts of the cap 15 and the adjacent top of the filler, the area, in plan, of the flue being greatly in excess of the' passageways 21; also it will be understood that'the. air moving through the" flue will be greatly expanded on account of its exposure to the heated material in the chamber 5, and therefore the air will move freely and with a certain degree 'of force through the passageways 21 to become mixed with the hydrocarbon, no blower or similar device being required to forcibly move the air as an aid to combustion.

By referring to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the lower part of the cap 15, between the wings, is substantially. conical and presents concave faces, its outer parts having a down ward inclination, indicated at :1), toward the top of the filler, this being of advantagefor deflecting the air and causing it to move toward the surface of the filler as an aid in effecting a thoroughinixing of the heated air with the hydrocarbon. The concave cap arches over the upper edge of the inner wall of the receptacle and terminates at a point adjacent the inner wall but between the inner and outer walls forming a constricted passage for the airflow'ing upward through yond the outer, face of the inner wall a distance less' than the vertical width of the constricted 1 assage and the relative arrangement o thec'oncave lowerface of the cap'is such tha-t the air passing upwardly through the flue 23 will be directed impingingly toward the surface of the filler 14.

As shown in the drawing, the wall 8 of the flue is of lesser height than the wall 6; also a secondary trough or conduit 22 is provided in the flue 23, said conduit being of annular form and provided with a wastepipe' 24, this arrangement of parts operating as a safety feature, since through inadvertence 'or otherwise an excess uantity of liquid fuel might enter and overflow the chan'iber'5, and'any' excess of liquid fuel,

I on account of the construction described,

will move downwardly on thein'ner wall of gravity, to thetrough or conduit 22, and'throu'gh the pipe 24 to a suitable shown). In the practice of the invention,

however, a'correct adjustment of the valve 10 is depended upon to prevent an overflow or excess supply of'oil to the chamber 5. The specific construction of the inner wall of the receptacle which terminates below the horizontal plane of the upper edge of the outer wall causes the overflowing fuel to be cooled below the point of ignition whereas overflow at the outer wall would spread into the combustion chamber of the furnace and cause uncontrolled combustion therein, with probably 'insufiicient air suply,=and result in; smoke, soot, stoppage of urnace flues, chimneys, and otherundesir-y able effects.

It will be appreciated that the liquid fuel I should be delivered uniformlyto'all parts of reservoir or container (not' the chamber 5 and to the top of the filler 14, and this is provided by the present construction. In preparing the material for the filler care is exercised so that it will be of conduit 18 did not entirely surround the v flue, and I do not wish to limit myself to the useiof a' n annular distributor or conduit 13. I

Relative to the function of the inclined facets or terminals 20 of the wing extensions, it will be understood that while air may move outwardlyfromthe flue through the constricted passageways with considerable velocity, the airwill move with less velocity at said terminals 20 than at the sidesof the'e'xtensions 17, said wings and their extensions being formed outwardly divergent so'that these terminals 20 operate as air pockets and ar'e'notexposed to air drafts, also the extensions 17 engage the filler 14, the "result. being that ignition of hydrocarbon will continue at said terminals .to operate'as pilot lights after the usual burning at the top of the filler ceases, this being a feature of convenience in operation. On account of this construction the valve 10 may be adjusted to provide a very limited supply of liquid fuel to the chamber 5 when heat is not needed, said supply being sulficient to maintain the pilot lightfor an ex-- tended periodor as long as desired, to ignite theburner when a normal supply of liquid fuel is fed to the ,burner for heating purposes. Also, in operation, if the valve 10 is entirely closed, the pilot lights will be maintained for a considerable time.

While, as a'safetyfeature, I have shown the secondary trough 22 for receiving-any excess of liquid fuelfrom the top of the filler 14, and have shown a difference in the height of the walls. 6 and'8 to c0operate-with thetrough 22 for this purpose, I do not wish to limit myself to this specific construction, as other ineans could be substituted for. the removal" of excess oil, but

lUU

the means for this purpose is preferred for air, a vgranular filler in said" chamber, means for conducting liquid fuel to said chamber, means located below the upper edge of the inner wall for catching over-flow from the same and a. spreader cap above said flue and having a concave lower face and projecting outwardly slightly beyond the inner wall of the receptacle and forming a constricted passage for the. air at, a point between the inner and outer walls and adjacent the 111- ner wall, the relative arrangement of the cap and the receptacle directing the air impingingly towards the filler.

2. In a burner, an upright annular chamber open at its top and comprising an outer vertical wall and an inner wall spaced from the outer wall-and terminating at itsupper edge in a plane below the upper edge of the outer wall to cause any surplus fuel to overflow at the inner wall, a granular filler in said chamber, means for conducting liquid fuel to the said chamber, means located below the upper edge of the inner wall for catching overflow from the same, and a spreader cap abovesaid flue and 113V? ing a concave lower face and projecting outwardly slightly beyond the inner wall of the receptacle and forming a constricted passage for the air at a point between the inner and outer walls and adjacent the inner wall, the relative arrangement of the cap and the receptacle directing the air impingingly towards the filler.

3. In a burner, an upright annular chamber open at the top and having spaced inner and outer walls, the inner wall terminating below the horizontal plane of the upper edge of the outer wall for causing any surplus liquid fuel to overflow at tlievinner wall, a granular filler in said chamber, means for conducting liquid fuel to said chamber, means located below the upper edge of the inner wall for catching the overflow, and a spreader cap having a concave lower face and extending over the upper edge of the inner wall and terminating adjacent the same and forming a constricted passage at a point between the inner and outer walls, the relative arrangement of the cap and the inner wall operating to direct the air impingingly towards the filler.

l. In a burner, an uprightannular chamber open at the'top and having inner and outer walls, the inner wall terminating bey low the plane of the upper edge of the outer wall and forming a flue, a granular filler'in said chamber, a spreader capabove said flue providing a constricted passageway between the capand the chamber, a pipe for conducting liquid fuel to said chamber, and

an oil distributor arranged within the chamber and provided with an oil passage communicating with the said pipe.

5. In a burner, an upright annular chamber open at the top and having inner and outer walls, the inner wall terminating-below the plane of the upper-edge of the-outer wall and forminga flue, a granularfiller in said chamber,a spreadercap above said flue providinga constricted passageway between the cap and the chamber, a pipe for. conducting liquid fuel to said chamber, 'anda liquid distributing element arranged within 'the chamber at the bottom thereof and co-opeiR ating therewith to forman oil passage communicating with the said pipe.

6. A burner comprising an upright annu-t lar chamber open at its top an'd'having its inner wall extending upwardly to provide a flue, aporous filler in the chamber, a spreader cap above the flue, a pipev communicating with the chamber at the bottom thereof for-conducting liquid fuel to said, chamber, and a member between the filler and bottom of the chamber for distributing liquid fuel to said filler, said inner Wall of said chamber having a lesser height than the outer wall to insure overflow on the inside.

7 In a burner, an upright annular chamber open at the top, the inner wall being inclined inwardly and upwardly relative to its opposite upright wall to provide a flue for a movement of air therethrough, a porous filler in said chamber, a spreader cap above said flue providing a constricted passagewaybetween said cap and said chamber,

and a pipe for conducting liquid fuel to said chamber, the inner wall of said chamber having alesser height than the height of its outer wall to permit an excess of liquid fuel to flow Wall thereof. a

8. In a liquidfuel burner, ceptacle open at its top having a cylindrical outer wall and an upwardly tapered inner from said chamber over the inner an upright re-' wall providing an annular chamber and a flue, a porous filler in said chamber, a liquid chamber having a lesser height than the height of its outer wall to permit anexcess of liquid fuel to move fromsaid chamber over the inner wall. J

10. Ina liquid'fuel burner, an upright receptacle providing an annular chamber open at its top and an inner wall providing a flue, an annular casting having a groove opening on its bottom and removably disposed on thevbottom of the chamber, a porous filler flue, an oil distributor including an annular casting having a groove opening on its bottom and removably disposed on'thebottom of the chamber, a porousfillerin said chamber above the casting, a liquid supply element in communication with vsaid groove and said chamber, and aspread'er cap having'its, bottom provided with radially'arranged wings disposed in said flue, each wing being inengagement with thesaid inr ner wall and'the side walls of each wingbeing formed .outwardly divergent to the end of the wing. 7

12. In a'liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providing a chamber opening at the top and forming a flue, a porous filler in said chamber, a discharge pipe communicating with the said chamber, and a spreader cap in said flue providing a-constricted passageway between said cap and said filler, the inner wall of the chamber having a lesser height'than the height of itsouter Wall to permit an excess of liquid fuel to move from said chamber over the upper :edge of the inner wall. In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixe7d' my signature this 13th day of July, 192 a a a:

LEWIS A. COGKLIN. 

